Being American Liberty, Equality and Republicanism Essay

Being an American cannot simply be defined by skin color, culture, or religion. This nation cannot be defined in a simplistic manner like many other nations. For instance, other countries define themselves by their accent or by the types of food they consume. According to Sarah Song, â€Å"To be or to become an American, a person did not have to be any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty, equality, and republicanism† (31). Therefore, being American simply means having the same views about equality, liberty and republicanism as our American ancestors. Being an American is clearly stated in the Declaration of†¦show more content†¦The idea of equality is usually defined by everyone as the state or quality of being equal. However, according to Thomas Jefferson, in The Declaration of Independence, â€Å"all men are created equal† (n.p). The thought of all men being created as equal is a simple ideology of the past. Now, in America, equality consists of having equal rights and opportunities whether the individual is a male or female. However, today in America, equality has not fully been fully achieved. For instance, we are still experiencing income inequality. According to Peter Finocchiaro, â€Å"Income inequality has grown dramatically since the mid-70s—far more in the US than in most advanced countries† (n.p). Furthermore, â€Å"The top 10 percent of Americans earn nearly three-quarters of all income in the country, leaving the poor with whatever is left† (Finocchiaro n.p). Another inequality in America is racial inequality. For instance, Arizona passed the SB 1020 bill. Nicholas Riccardi stated, â€Å"The bill directs police to determine the immigration status of non-criminals if there is a reasonable suspicion they are undocumented. Immigrant rights groups say it amounts to a police state† (n.p). 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Autobiography of Ruskin Bond - 2057 Words

Life and career Ruskin Bond was born in a military hospital in [Kasauli] to Edith Clerke and Aubrey Bond. His siblings were Ellen and William. Ruskin’s father was with the Royal Air Force. When Bond was four years old, his mother was separated from his father and married a Punjabi-Hindu, Mr. Hari, who himself had been married once. Bond spent his early childhood in Jamnagar and Shimla. At the age of ten Ruskin went to live at his grandmothers house in Dehradun after his fathers sudden death in 1944 from malaria. Ruskin was raised by his mother, who remarried an Indian businessman. He completed his schooling at Bishop in Shimla, from where he graduated in 1952 after having been successful in winning several writing competitions in the†¦show more content†¦His novel, The Flight of Pigeons, has been adapted into the Merchant Ivory film Junoon. The Room on the Roof has been adapted into a BBC-produced TV series. Several stories have been incorporated in the school curriculum in India, in cluding The Night Train at Deoli, Time Stops at Shamli, and Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra. In 2007, the Bollywood director Vishal Bharadwaj made a film based on his popular novel for children, The Blue Umbrella. The movie Works †¢ House †¢ Garland of Memories †¢ The Boy Who Broke the Bank †¢ Bus Stop, Pipalnagar †¢ Funny Side Up †¢ Rain in the Mountains-Notes from the Himalayas †¢ Our trees still grow in Dehra †¢ A Season of Ghosts †¢ Tigers Forever †¢ A Town Called Dehra †¢ An island of trees †¢ The Night Train at Deoli †¢ A Face in the Dark and Other Hauntings †¢ Potpourri †¢ The Adventures Of rusty †¢ The Lost Ruby †¢ Crazy times with Uncle Ken †¢ The Death Of Trees †¢ Tales and Legends from India †¢ Hip Hop Nature Boy and Other Poems Novels †¢ Room On The Roof †¢ Vagrants in the Valley †¢ Scenes from a Writers Life †¢ Susannas Seven Husbands †¢ A Flight of Pigeons †¢ Landour Days – A writers Journal †¢ The Sensualist by Ruskin Bond †¢ The Road To The Bazaar †¢ The Panthers Moon †¢ Once Upon A Monsoon Time †¢ The India I love †¢ The Kashmiri Storyteller †¢ The Blue Umbrella †¢ The TigerShow MoreRelatedRuskin Bond1411 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A lot has been written about Ruskin Bond, our very own Indian writer, whose writing s span over 50 years. His versatile, original and elegant style of writing has made him a favourite to readers around the world. Despite Bonds British background, he writes about India as an insider’s perspective. Having lived the majority of his life in India, he knows the country well and writes an authenticity and emotional engagement about the land and the people of the Himalayas and small-town IndiaRead MoreThe Eyes Have It -- by Ruskin Bond1183 Words   |  5 PagesThe Eyes Have It (also known as The Girl on the Train The Eyes Are Not Here) is a short story by Ruskin Bond that was originally published in Contemporary Indian English Stories. The narrator of this story, a blind man whose eyes were sensitive only to light and darkness, was going to Dehradun by train when he met a girl and had a chit-chat with her. It was only after she left and another passenger came into the compartment that the narrator realizes the girl was blind. Up to Rohana, the narratorRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1987 Words   |  8 PagesPeriod. In Pre-Independence time, the writers bearing in mind Rabindranath Tagore, Raja Rao, Sir Aurobindo, Swami Vivekanand, M.K. Gandhi, and Jawaharlal Nehru proved their writing notable. Autobiographies, informative articles, novels, prose, poetry are remarkable in Indian English Literature writings of Ruskin Bond, Salman Rushdie, Vikram Seth, and R.K. Narayan give prestigious image to Indian writings in English. Female writers existed with different themes in society. The discrimination in genderRead MorePunjabi9291 Words   |  38 Pagesbut from the perennial wisdom of lndian thought and from such non-modernist Western thinkers as Tolstoy, Ruskin and Thoresu. From the tradition of lndian thought, Gandhi derived the cognitive-evaluative principles of satya (truth) and ahimsa (non-violence or love towards others), which he says should inform our political, economic, scientific and technological a ctivities. I n his autobiography, entitled The Story of My Experiments with Truth, he wrote: 1 t i L Gaadlhu :Evdlltlon and Chmder

Pollution in China Essay Example For Students

Pollution in China Essay Introduction to pollution in chinaAir is a part of all of our lives. Without clean air, nothing we know ofcan exist. The debate over clean air, its regulations, their teammates andopposition, and the economic factors coming into play into this ever-morerecognizable problem is a widespread and ever more controversial one. Likea long countdown to eventual disaster, the pollution effecting our worldhas no doubt made increasingly more impact on our daily lives, and hasincreased the intensity on Washington and other countries to solve theproblem. The Clean Air act is a step in the right direction, but with everyanswer their comes two questions and likewise more and more people takingsides. There have been long debates not over the effectiveness of suchregulations, but the lack of opportunity such regulations and deregulationsprovide for other companies. Global warming has increased the tension overthe economics of cleaner air, but with little the government can do tolimit the use of cars, the production of necessary coal-fired power plantsand other such human resources, the topic just turns into another fog fordebate and argument over stricter regulations and the impeached right thesesources have to operate. The continual power struggle of such economic andsocial issues and the debate over the effectiveness of stricter, present ormore lenient regulations has turned into a smorgasboard of precticalsolutions, with opponents quickly changing minds and becoming supportersand vice-versa. The expenditure of about 20 billion on the part of companies since 1990 toclean up such hazardous pollutants as cars, factories, and thousands ofother measures have reaped about 400 billion in saved hospital costs, lostworkdays, reduced productivity,and other conditions while at the same time theoretically helping to reducesmog and pollution. The findings of a report on experiments done for theClean Air act waspassed into law in 1970. The Enviornmental Protection Agency has recentlycome under attack by critics however, and Washington has threatened to cutthe agencies budget citing high costs of enviornmental legislation, evenwhile their is solid proof that the agencies measures are paying off. Congress is skeptical of reports that the whole system is reaping morebenefits on the enviorment than the whole operation actually costs. Economically, the Clean Air Act is definitly sound and good for theeconomy. For example, American fishermen average $24 billion a year inexpenditures and ultimately generate $69 billion yearly for the economy. Moreover, the average American worker recieves $20 in value in reducedrisks of death, illness, and other adverse effects for every dollar spentto control air pollution. All in all, the country spent roughly $436billion enforcing clean air regulations, and gained about $6.8 trillion inbenefits in 1990. The amounts of harmful chemicals and pollutants in theair has also found to be dramatically reduced since 1970. 40 percent ofsulfer dioxide in the air has been reduced, as well as 30 percent ofnitrous oxide, and 50 percent of carbon monoxide. As well as air, the EPA has produced results in protecting our nationswaterways. For example, the Clean Water Act, which passed in 1972, hassince given states grants of $66 million to help install water sewagetreatment plants. They also found that the act has required the industry toinstall tens of billions of dollars of anti-polltion technology. The effecton the liquid industry has been enormous. Boating sales generate $14billion alone while fishermen produce $3 million, and the nation spends anestimated $35 million anually for fish. .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985 , .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985 .postImageUrl , .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985 , .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985:hover , .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985:visited , .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985:active { border:0!important; } .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985:active , .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985 .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud037acb2d7a440d820cbb8439e156985:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The French Revolution Persuasive EssayWater pollution in chinaWastewater pollution has always been a major problem throughout the world. The lack of suitable water used for drinking, agriculture, farming, etc. has declined through the years. With a shortage of water throughout theworld, proper methods of treating and recycling water is the key goal insustaining our limited water resource supply. Geographically speaking, thewastewater pollution within China has affected the environment, society,and agriculture. The water pollution crisis in China has brought up anissue of efficient wastewater treatment methods to help alleviate theirproblems. Throughout this paper, we will discuss the topics on the effectsof wastewater pollution towards the environment and the society (healthfactors, agriculture, economic impacts, etc). The lack of clean water has always been an issue of environmental concernall over the world. This environmental issue is mainly stressed indeveloping countries today. The main sources of water pollution are:industrial (chemical, organic, and thermal wastes), municipal (largelysewage consisting of human wastes, other organic wastes, and detergents),and agricultural (animal wastes, pesticides, and fertilizers) (Broweret.al, 1990). For the past several years, China has been affected with thewater pollution crisis. Three examples of wastewater pollution crisis inChina are the City of Tianjin, the Chao Lakes and Xian City.

Psychoanalysis Essays (552 words) - Freudian Psychology, Psychology

Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud was the first to talk about psychoanalysis, a technique that allows an individual to recount dreams but what psychologists call free association. Free association is the individual saying whatever comes to mind when something is said. Psychoanalysts encourage the unconscious mind to recall scenes, thoughts, and to reconstruct past experiences that have shaped the patients present behavior. Freud states that the personality develops in a series of stages. On the same hand, if we resolve our conflicts that arise during our life as they happen, then psychological problems in the future will not occur. That what we believe are spur of the moment decisions etc. are really influenced by the unconscious. Psychodynamic theories are written in the individual, often outside the conscious mind. Human behavior is based on unconscious instincts. Some are aggressive and destructive while others are thirsting for the necessary tools to survive. In the same breath, he says that sexual instinct is the most critical factor for the development of our personality. According to Freud, personality is formed around these structures: the Id, ego, and the super ego. The Id or instinctual needs is the only structure present at birth and is unconscious. It is the collection of unconscious urges and desires that continually seek expression. The ego is the part of the personality that mediates between environmental demands, which are reality, conscience or superego, and Id. It contains all the thinking and reasoning. Lastly, the super ego is the social and parental standards the individual has internalized or the moral conscience of the brain. This is not present at birth, but developed over a period of time. In conclusion, I feel psychoanalysis is a good way to understand why people do what they do, and how to recognize it and have the ability to change it. Although Freud made this discovery at the turn of the century it is still an effective way to deal with current problems some individuals may have. The article I chose was The Miseducation of the Negro. In this article, the author stated that Negroes are being denied everything relating to black culture in public schools. That they are taught everything from Hebrew to Latin but denied the rest. This article also determines that when talking to certain ?high class? blacks they felt that it was not important to learn about there culture stating that, ?he didn't go to school to waste his time.? When black courses were offered in summer schools etc. they consisted of material perceiving whites as being superior to blacks. It goes on to say that regardless of education a black couldn't make it that far because of the world they are going into. To sum up the article it claims that no matter how hard an African American works they won't get far because they are forced to go back to ?where they came from? which is the group of people considered to be uneducated and unimportant. I do not agree with this article because I believe that blacks can go anywhere they want to go. When the article was written that might have been the case but as the years have went on gradual change has come. With that change, comes more opportunities for educated people in general, and especially for black Americans. Psychology Essays

A review of efficient market hypothesisâ€from the point of view of current financial crisis The WritePass Journal

A review of efficient market hypothesis- from the point of view of current financial crisis 1 Introduction A review of efficient market hypothesis- from the point of view of current financial crisis 1 Introduction2 Overview of EMH2.1 Definition2.1.1 Descriptive Definition2.1.2 Formulated Definition2.2 Main points of EMH2.2.1 Main points from microeconomic perspective2.2.2 The preconditions of EMH2.2 Three Forms Efficient Market and Their Test2.2.1 Weak form efficient market and its test2.2.2 Semi-strong efficient market and its test2.2.3 Strong form efficient market and its tests3 Discussions of EMH from the current Financial Crisis3.1 The Evolution of Current Financial Crisis3.2 What does EMH faces in the financial crisis?3.3 What do we learn from financial crisis?4 ConclusionsBibliographyRelated 1 Introduction Since Fama (1970) published his paper Efficient capital markets: A review of theory and empirical work summarized the basic Efficient Market hypothesis (henceforth EMH) content and the tests based on it, the economics professors has never stopped to debate on it. According to Fama (1969), EMH is an interpretation about how do stock prices relate to the market information. EMH states that the security prices already incorporate and reflect all relevant information. Currently the whole world faces massive financial crisis while EMH and other theories based on it has faced opprobrium and questioning. This paper includes an overview of EMH and discussions about the strength and limitations from point of view of the current financial crisis. There are three parts in this paper. In the first part, I have summarized the EMH including the definition and three forms of efficient markets. In the second part, I have evaluated the strengths, and limitations of EMH from the point of view of current financial crisis. In the third part, I have given my own conclusion about EMH. 2 Overview of EMH 2.1 Definition According to Fama (1969) and Jensen (1978), EMH can be described as the text and mathematic formula as the following. 2.1.1 Descriptive Definition As Fama (1969) has stated, Efficient Market Hypothesis is an interpretation about how do stock prices relate to the market information. EMH means that the security prices already incorporate and reflect all relevant information. So it is impossible to beat the market to obtain extra profit. As Malkiel (2003) described â€Å"Markets do not allow investors to earn above average returns without accepting above-average risks†. 2.1.2 Formulated Definition Jensen (1978) has stated the formulization and model concepts of market efficiency. The joint distribution established based on the information consistent with the joint distribution of future price, the specific formulation is as (1.1). (|)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (1.1) indicates the joint density function of the correct future prices, while (|) indicates the joint density function of future security prices based on all the available information at the time point t. Then we can rewrite the formula as (1.2). =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (1.2). In this formula, indicates the expectation of true yield stock j at the time point t.   indicates the estimated expectation at time point t, which is equilibrium yield. That means the return expectation which is obtained from an economic activity is equal to its marginal cost. That is, when there is no cost of information collection, the return expectation should be 0. 2.2 Main points of EMH 2.2.1 Main points from microeconomic perspective From the microeconomic perspective, EMH is under the assumption of economic man which is from Adam Smith. It means people are rational and self-interest. Similarly, in the stock market, the people who trade stock are also this kind of economic man. In the financial market, every stock represents its company which is under strict surveillance of rational and self-interested people. They conduct fundamental analysis; estimate the companys future profitability to evaluate the companys stock prices, then discount future values to present value, cautiously choose between risk and return trade-offs. EMH shows the balance between demand and supply in markets. For every stock, the number of people who want to sell is equal to those who want to buy, that is, the number of people who think the stock is overvalued is equal to those who think the stock is undervalued. If somebody finds that it is unbalance between those two kinds of people, in other words, if there is a possibility of arbitrage, rational traders will immediately buy or sell stock to make them equal. This is the basic theory of supply and demand in economics. On the one hand, any fluctuation on the prices of commodities is a result of supply and demand changes. On the other hand, prices impact the relationship between supply and demand. 2.2.2 The preconditions of EMH As Fama (1970) has stated the efficient market is based on three preconditions. Firstly, the cost of information is 0. Secondly, the market is perfectly competitive market. Thirdly, all investors are rational. Firstly, according to the definition of Fama, the market is inefficient. Grossman and Stiglitz (1980) have proofed that no cost of information is the sufficient condition for efficient market.This condition exposes on questions on the market structure. It is unrealistic if transaction costs and taxes are 0. On contrary, huge transaction costs may hinder the possibility of arbitrage in real world. That may cause the stock prices do not increase with good information and information is not reflected in the price. The second precondition of EMH is the perfectively competitive market that leads to each investor can accept the price. However, under the situation that information costs exist, there is bargaining behaviour in market. Therefore, the market participants are not price-taker. For the third precondition, investors are rational and they can evaluate the securities rationally. Shleifer (2000) improves the three levels of rational market participants. The investors at the first lev el are perfectly rational. The ones at the second level are even if some of the investors are irrational; their trade generated randomly and can be cancelled out. For the third level, if irrational investors’ behaviour is not random, arbitrageurs can eliminate noise traders influences on prices. Shleifer (2000) has argued that â€Å"With a finite a risk-bearing capacity of arbitrageurs as a group, their aggregate ability to bring prices of broad groups of securities into line is limited†. That suggests the risk-free arbitrage opportunities may exist, but they cannot be the direct evidence of market inefficient. 2.2 Three Forms Efficient Market and Their Test Based on the different types of investment approaches Fama (1970) defined the efficient market to three forms- weak-form efficiency, semi-strong form efficiency and strong-form efficiency. 2.2.1 Weak form efficient market and its test As the description in Fama’s (1970) paper, a weak form efficient market is a kind of market in which the shares’ prices fully reflect the historical information. So in weak form efficient market, investors cannot make a strategy to obtain extra profits through technical analysis. It is useless to analyze historical information to predicted future price, because the current market price has already contained all the information which acquired by technical analysis. The tests for weak form market include two methods. The first is the random walk model while the second is the filter approach. The first method is focus on whether the fluctuation of stock price is random which is first published by Osborne (1959). The filter approach can be described that in an efficient market, if there is no new information released, the price would randomly fluctuate between the resistance lines. 2.2.2 Semi-strong efficient market and its test As Fama (1970) has stated the semi-strong efficient market refers to the market in which the current stocks prices reflect not only historical price information but all available public information related to security companies. If the market is efficient in this sense, then it will not be possible to acquire abnormal profit through the analysis of a companys balance sheet, income statement, changes in dividend, stock split announcement and any other public information. The tests for the semi-strong efficient market mainly focus on determining the speed of share prices adjust to new information. Scholars have conducted a variety of tests. The most famous one is â€Å"Event Study† which firstly published by Ball and Brown (1968). An event study measures the cumulative performance of stock from a specific time before and after information released. The semi-strong efficiency of market attracts a lot of studies to test it. Some empirical studies proof that the US stock market is a semi-strong market. Fama (1969) investigate 115 companies stocks and prove that the US stock market is semi-strong. 2.2.3 Strong form efficient market and its tests As Fama (1970) has stated the strong form efficient market is a market in which the share price reflect all the information includes the inside information. That means in strong form efficient market nobody can obtain abnormal profit even the insiders. The tests of strong form efficient market focus on the company insiders, stock exchange brokers, securities analysts and mutual fund performance, in order to verify whether they can earn extra returns. Some studies have showed that several markets are close to strong form. Maloney and Like several files on the professional investment managers study showed that after deduct the expense of trading, the randomly selected securities and index without conduction were nearly at the same return level with carefully analysis. Mulherin (2003) has conducted the analysis of the Challenger Crash and declared it supports the strong form efficiency. While the other scholars argue that the strong form efficient market will never exit in reality. 3 Discussions of EMH from the current Financial Crisis The following chapter provides analysis of EMH from the point of view of current financial crisis. The first section provides a review of current financial crisis evolution; the second section gives the critical analysis of the challenges that EMH faces, particularly from the view of information dissemination, information quality and the role of self-regulation of stock market; the third section provides suggestions to avoid financial crisis. 3.1 The Evolution of Current Financial Crisis The current financial crisis has root in credit crisis which is a financial storm along with bankruptcy of subprime mortgage lenders, close of investment funds and the turbulence stock market in the United States. As Tylor (2009) has described, the evolution of financial crisis were as follows. First, the U.S. commercial banks issued a large number of high-risk real estate mortgage loans (i.e. subprime mortgages), then sold these subprime mortgages to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in order to transfer the potential risk of mortgages and return the funds as soon. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac created subordinated bonds through asset to security approaches, sold bonds to investment banks like Merrill Lynch. Investment banks seek for high returns create financial innovations by complex means and make subprime lending which under investment grade (BBB / Baa) into a so-called structured products to attract the risk-interested investors. These typical derivatives finally have been sold to financ ial institutions and investors through their marketing network all over the world. When the original debtor cannot repay the mortgage on time, the financial crisis broke out and rapidly spread to whole world by the chain which is also the risk transfer line. We can illustrate this process as graph 1. Graph 1 Evolution of Financial Crisis 3.2 What does EMH faces in the financial crisis? The financial crisis has proved that the precondition of EMH is too far from reality. In graph1, there is a stream which contains risk, information and cash transferred between people and market. If the original debtors are also investors, an information circulation mechanism has been established. Ding (2005) interprets in this process, as investors not only analyze the information in the market, but also think about other investors’ potential activities in response to these changes. These changes in the market then become the basis for new thinking. A self-feedback loop established between the investors and market. Investors are both participants and observers. That is, the investors affect the market changes as well as are affected by the market, so the information that market participants obtained includes the information which is influenced by the participants’ own behavior. Therefore, it is impossible to understand the market completely and objectively. As Baker (2 006) has suggested that the investors’ behaviors need to be considered as one important factor in those theories like EMH’s perfect preconditions. From the view of information dissemination, false and short information commonly exists in market and it cannot be aware of. That is may be another reason for leading irrational behaviour. For instance, as Duncan reported (2009), on September 15th 2008, Lehman Brother collapsed with about $60 billion in toxic bad debts, and assets of $639 billion against debts of $613 billion. That made Lehman Brother, the largest investment bank, collapsed since 1990s. However, just five months ago, Lehman Brother held the annual shareholders meeting and the stock price was up to about 86 dollars per share. According to Fama (1970), investors operate stocks according to the information. When news spread on the stock market, the share prices begin to fluctuate. With the rapid dissemination of information, more and more people take part in the trade of stock. The share price will stay at a right level when all the people know the information. However from the Lehman Brother’s example such evide nce has been provided that because of the information quality, the price cannot reflect the right value. As Barry and Harvard (1979) have stated that the sufficient uncertainty information frequent transacting may be deleterious to market. Another precondition of EMH is the market is a perfectly competitive market. The perfectly competitive market is a market without government intervention and everyone is a price-taker (Nicholson, 2005). In reality, the perfectly competitive market is impossible to exist, although the governments advocate the market liberalization to attract people to take part in trading. Some liberal economics like Levine (2001) have pointed out â€Å"financial liberalization leads to more efficient investments and that financial liberalization boosts productivity growth†, but the huge rescue is the biggest evidence of the failure of market liberalization. The disappearance of business profit model of investment banks, government managed commercial banks and mortgage institutions provide the most effective large-scale evidence. The large investment institutions cannot effectively regulate themselves. So there is no perfectly competitive market and all the theory based on this assumption seems to go to failure. 3.3 What do we learn from financial crisis? Financial crisis reveals that the preconditions of EMH cannot realize in present world. Information uncertainty and feed-back loop lead people irrational and the huge rescue policy proves market is never perfectly competitive. So the prices cannot inflect reflect information in the right level. Lack of regulation of information and financial innovations may be the main reasons for this financial crisis. The Lehman Brother’s collapse indicates that financial markets potential failure really exists and that blindly believe in market lead to systemic collapse of financial markets. Therefore, only relying on the market self-regulation is insufficient, it needs government regulation and macroeconomic control to solve the problems. As the modern financial system in particular with the features of high leverage, high-relevance and high asymmetric, the market systemic risk and complexity have increased. In this case, government must play its leading role in financial supervision and take effective measures to curb excessive market speculation and the vicious competition among financial institutions. Particularly, government should strengthen the investment banking and financial regulations of derivatives to prevent financial institutions rely on excessive leverage to blind investment. 4 Conclusions The efficient market hypothesis provides an ideally situation that the stock prices reflect all relevant information in a perfectly competitive market in which the people are rational. Some valuable studies base on the concept of efficient market has been recognized. However, the extremely ideally preconditions of EMH lead people to rethink the application scope and its practice value. In the current financial crisis, EMH has faced huge challenges to the perfectly preconditions that perfectly rational man and perfectly competitive market cannot realize. These challenges are mainly from two aspects which are information and role of self-regulation in market. Firstly, with the rapidly information dissemination, an information circulation mechanism was established between investors and market. Investors not only absorb information from market, but also give their own views to market. So the information they get already includes their own views which is a reason to make investors irrational. Another problem about information is the uncertainty and inaccuracy that investment banks may use accounting method to blind investors and leads investors to operate stocks irrational. Secondly, EMH overemphasizes the role of self-regulation in the market. Howeve r, large investment institutions cannot regulate themselves effectively. The U.S. governments rescue policy is the greatest evidence of the failure of market liberalization. The departure from reality does not mean the complete failure of EMH. In future studies, EMH may be combined with other disciplines, in order to achieve a greater scope. Bibliography Barber, B. T. Odean (2001) ‘The Internet and the Investor’ Journal of Economic Perspectives 15(1):41-54. Ball, R P. Brown (1968) ‘An Empirical Evaluation of Accounting Income Numbers’ Journal of Accounting Research 6(2):159-178 Barry, M. B. Harvard (1979) ‘Information dissemination, market efficiency and the frequency of transactions’ Journal of Financial Economic 7(1):29-61 Baker, M. J. Wurgler (2007) ‘Investor Sentiment in the Stock Market’ Journal of Economic Perspectives 21(2):129-151 Duncan, G. (2009) ‘Lehman Brothers collapse sends shockwave round world’ The Times Sep 16th, 2008 Fama, E.F., L. Fisher, M. C. Jensen, R Roll (1969) ‘The Adjustment of Stock Prices to New Information’ International Economic Review 10(1):1-22 Fama, E.F. (1970) ‘Efficient capital markets: A review of theory and empirical work’ The Journal of Finance 25(2):383-417 Fama, E.F (1976) Foundations of Finance New York: Basic Books Grossman, S J. Stiglitz (1980) ‘On the Impossibility of Information Efficient Markets’ American Economic Review 70(3):393-408 Jensen M.C. (1969) ‘Risk, The Pricing of Capital Assets, and The Evaluation of Investment Portfolios’ Journal of Business 42(2):67-247 Maloney, M.T. J.H. Mulherin (2003) ‘The Complexity of Price Discovery in an Efficient Market: the Stock Market Reaction to the Challenger Crash’ Journal of Corporate Finance 9(4): 453-479 Osborne, M. (1959): ‘Brownian Motion in the Stock Market’ Operation Research 7: 145-173. Malkiel B.G. (2003) ‘The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Its Critics’ Journal of Economic Perspectives 17(1):59-82 Taylor, J.B. (2009) ‘The Financial Crisis and the Policy Responses: An Empirical Analysis of What Went Wrong’ paper presented to Proceedings of FIKUSZ 09 Symposium for Young Researchers, Budapest, Hungary Nicholson, W. (2004) Microeconomic Theory 9th ed. 2005 South-Western College Pub Shleifer, A. (2000) ‘Inefficient Market- An Introduction to Behavioral Finance’ Oxford: Oxford University Press

Using Spanish Infinitives as Nouns

Using Spanish Infinitives as Nouns The infinitive is the most basic of the verb forms. Unlike the conjugated verb forms- the ones used most often in speech- an infinitive standing alone says nothing about how many people or things are performing the verbs action or when. In Spanish, the infinitive is the verb form that appears in dictionaries. The infinitive always has one of three endings: -ar, -er or -ir. Standing alone, the infinitive is usually translated to English as to followed by the verb. For example, ver is usually translated as to see, hablar as to speak. But as we shall soon see, in sentences the Spanish infinitive can be translated a number of ways. Fast Facts Infinitives often function as singular masculine nouns.As nouns, infinitives can act as subjects or predicates of sentences as well as objects of verbs and prepositions.The most common translations of infinitives as nouns to English are to verb and verb -ing. Infinitives Can Fill Most Roles of Nouns In this lesson, we look at instances where the infinitive functions as a noun.  When used as a noun, the Spanish infinitive is always masculine and almost always singular. Like other nouns, it can be the subject of a sentence, a predicate nominative (usually a noun that follows a form of to be or ser) or the object of a verb or preposition. The infinitive noun sometimes retains the characteristics of a verb; it sometimes is modified by an adverb rather than an adjective and can sometimes have objects. It is often translated into the English gerund (the -ing form of the verb). Infinitives used as nouns are always masculine and singular. Some infinitives can become nouns in their own right when they are made plural, however. For example, seres humanos (from ser, to be) refers to human beings. Here are some examples of the infinitive being used as a noun: As a subject: Nadar es el mejor remedio para el dolor de espalda. (Swimming is the best remedy for a backache.)As a subject: Es prohibido botar basura. (Dumping garbage is prohibited. Note that in Spanish, unlike English, it isnt unusual for the subject to follow the verb.)As a subject: Beber puede conducir a la intoxicacià ³n e incluso a la muerte. (Drinking can lead to poisoning and even death.)As a subject: No me gusta cocinar. (I dont like to cook. Literally, the sentence would be translated as cooking doesnt please me.)As a predicate nominative: La vida es un abrir y cerrar de los ojos. (Life is an opening and closing of the eyes.As a predicate nominative: La intimidad es un hablar honesto y profundo de lo que se siente y se piensa. (Intimacy is speaking sincerely and deeply about what one feels and thinks.)As the object of a verb: Yo preferirà ­a salir. (I would prefer to leave.)As the object of a verb: Odio estudiar algo que creo que no necesito. (I hate studying something I believe I dont need.) As the object of a verb: Te vi andar entre los rboles. (I saw you walking among the trees.)As the object of a preposition: Pienso de salir contigo. (Im thinking about leaving with you.)As the object of a preposition: Ten moderation en el comer o el beber. (Show moderation in eating or drinking.)As the object of a preposition: Al entrar al Sistema de Salud, usted y su empresa recibirn enormes beneficios. (Upon entering the Health System, you and your business will receive great benefits.) Using the Definite Article El With Infinitives As you may notice, the definite article el is not consistently used with the noun infinitive. Although there are no hard and fast rules, here are some guidelines. A very common way of using el is as part of the contraction al, for a el. It typically as the meaning of on or upon meaning at the time of: Al encontrar a mis padres biolà ³gicos logrà © una estabilidad. (I found some stability upon finding my biological parents.)El is usually used when the infinitive is modified by an adjective or a phrase acting as an adjective: El respirar rpido puede ser causado por varios desordenes. (Rapid breathing can be caused by various disorders.)The article is option in many situations, but when it is used it may give the sentence a more personal or informal sound.

SMOKER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SMOKER - Essay Example He has noticed a recurrent morning cough and increased production of mucus over the past 2 months or so. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an obstructive lung diseases that is characterised by inadequate airflow which is chronic in nature. The disease arises when the bronchi are scarred and inflamed as well as the damages of the alveoli. This process occurs after several years and is usually caused by cigarette smoking. In essence, several scholars incorporated emphysema and bronchitis in defining COPD. Bronchitis is defined as presence of chronic productive cough for a period of 3 months in 2 consecutive years. While emphysema is an abnormal enlargement of the air spaces that are distal to the terminal bronchi with obvious destruction of the bronchiole walls (Decramer, Janssens, & Miravitlles, 2012). Cigarette smoking is the major cause of COPD accounting for 80%-95%; however, some factors have also been associated with the disease and they include air pollution like in poorly ventilated cooking places. Occupational exposure to irritants such as dust, fumes and other chemicals, which are found in textile industries, gold mines among others. Genetics have  been noted to have  a major role in the development of COPD, whereby those individuals who lack alpha 1-antitrypsin are likely to develop COPD (Barnes, 2014). Shortness of breath: This is the most worrying symptom to most people with the disease; occasionally patients complain that they cannot inhale enough air. This symptoms is usually worsened by exertion, however in the advanced stage of COPD it can occur during rest. The pathological changes in COPD usually occur in the lung parenchyma, the bronchi as well as the bronchioles. Several causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease occur due to exposure to the noxious substances or stimuli such as cigarette smoke. The Pathophysiology is not very clear and is most likely to be diverse. However, elevated numbers of activated

Religious Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Religious - Essay Example Such trips were necessitated by the requests of the father as well as studies [Marquita, Breit, Patricia, Burton & Paul [2002]. In 1930, Thomas Merton joined Oakham Public School during which time, Owen his father, died. However although the death affected Thomas Merton who sought support and financial help from the uncle was co-operative and finances to Thomas Merton was never a problem. Thomas Merton often received help from Tom Bennett, Owen’s former physician who was very supportive of Thomas as was the aunties and uncles. It was in 1932 during one of his visits to his grandparents in New York that Thomas Merton decided to venture into journalism by co-editing the school’s journal. In 1933, Thomas Merton visited Italy where he stayed in Rome where Merton acquired a Bible and become religious, severally praying asking God to ‘deliver him from darkness’. Up to when Thomas Merton was still faced many challenges such as not being aware of what he really wanted to become even as a college student at Clare College, Cambridge. In 1938, Thomas Merton then a student in Columbia came into contact with a Hindu monk called Mahanambrata Brachmachari, who influenced him in that instead of converting him into Hindu, Brachmachari encouraged the young Thomas to remain steadfast in Catholicism. Gandhi had an influence in shaping the future of the man in that, Merton was an admirer of Gandhi. Such events culminated in the Baptism of Thomas Merton in 1938. In 1941, Thomas Merton finally became committed to Catholicism and eventually graduated into a Catholic priest in 1949. Thomas Merton died in 1968 in Bangkok, Thailand. Thomas Merton continues to influence the live s of many as a writer, teacher, a priest and a family man. Howard was born several years after the birth of Thomas Merton in 1939. Unlike Thomas Merton, Howard went on to join active politics and eventually became the Prime Minister of

Critical thinking Essay Example for Free

Critical thinking Essay Utilitarianists are often persecuted for holding a morality in which the end always justifies the means, no matter how repulsive it may be to intuitional moral standards. Hare attempts to quiet controversy by combining act and rule utilitarianism in daily life in such a way that internal moral standards are satisfied and overall good is promoted. Kymlicka stays firm in his opposition to Hare’s theories and shuns the idea of consequentialism having intrinsic value greater than that of intuitive moral standards. Hare’s process of critical thinking combined with intuitionism leads to a flawless conclusion based on systematic procedure that will benefit the most people in the long term even against Kymlicka’s well thought out arguments. Kymlicka thinks that utilitarianism bypasses immediate obligations that should be fulfilled. He believes that utilitarianists’ foresight actually hinders their ability to do what is â€Å"right† or â€Å"just† in the present. He also believes that utilitarianism gives too much weight to illegitimate preferences, meaning that utilitarianists can often choose to do the worse option in consideration in order to satiate a desire for immoral happiness. In the specific case that he puts forward, Kymlicka uses the simple example of an everyday action in which a loan is given to him and he faces the moral dilemma of whether or not he should repay it. He believes that the utilitarianist might keep the money or give it away rather than repaying it if he thought that it would produce the most good in the end to himself or some other party. One may argue that by loaning out money it is consensual and therefore cannot be categorized as theft when the amount is not repaid. However, the loan was made with the qualification and equal understanding that the money would be repaid. Since Kymlicka uses the term â€Å"loan,† he is very much aware that he has the obligation to pay the money back. This may be called breaking a promise as well as theft, so it is doubly breaking a moral standard. Herein lays Kymlicka’s problem with utilitarianism and its criteria of morality. Phil 434 First Writing Assignment 1. Due Mon. Sep 13 Hare believes that there are two levels to moral thinking – critical and intuitive. Critical thinking is systematic and calculated while intuitive thinking is vaguer and based on feelings rather than a systematic procedure. It is said that each person starts at the intuitive level and then progresses to the critical level with age and maturity in understanding. He uses the example of two beings from opposite ends of the spectrum to show what one must be to think purely critically or intuitively – an archangel and a prole. The archangel has no human flaws thus can think critically all the time, and a prole has human flaws to an extreme degree thus must rely on intuitive thinking all the time. Consequentialism is the major theme of critical thinking, which aims to promote the most good to the most people in the end. He postulates, however, that since the human condition is flawed and cannot predict with certainty and without bias what is best in the long run, intuition must be used. Where intuition comes from is a controversial subject – but most believe that upbringing and environment have a strong effect on it and therefore may be tampered with. Since both levels have the possibility to be flawed, they must be used in conjunction. Vacillating between the two is the only way to make good moral decisions throughout one’s entire life. It can be argued that the two levels agree many times in normal day-to-day cases since there is a commonality to moral thinking, such as the law of non-maleficence. Both place in high respect accomplishing what is â€Å"good,† but both have different criteria as to what qualifies – namely what promotes the most good versus what you intuitively know to be the right thing to do. According to the utilitarianist, in a perfect world, critical thinking would be used all the time. Since humans have limits, however, Hare allows and even encourages intuitionism to be used and used often even though he views critical thinking to be superior. One cannot expect to sever himself of all emotion and possess the capability to see the exact outcomes of all possible Phil 434 First Writing Assignment 2.

Justice In Platos The Republic Essay -- Plato Republic Justice Philos

Justice In Plato's The Republic Ralph Waldo Emerson once wrote â€Å"One man’s justice is another’s injustice.† This statement quite adequately describes the relation between definitions of justice presented by Polemarchus and Thrasymachus in Book I of the Republic. Polemarchus initially asserts that justice is â€Å"to give to each what is owed† (Republic 331d), a definition he picked up from Simonides. Then, through the unrelenting questioning of Socrates, Polemarchus’ definition evolves into â€Å"doing good to friends and harm to enemies† (Republic 332d), but this definition proves insufficient to Socrates also. Eventually, the two agree â€Å"that it is never just to harm anyone† (Republic 335d). This definition is fundamental to the idea of a common good, for harming people according to Socrates, only makes them â€Å"worse with respect to human virtue† (Republic 335 C). Polemarchus also allows for the possibility of common good through his insistence on helping friends. To Polemarchus nothing is more important than his circle of friends, and through their benefit he benefits, what makes them happy pleases him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Upon the summation of the debate between Polemarchus and Socrates, Thrasymachus enters into the fray. He states that justice â€Å"is nothing other than advantage of the stronger† (Republic 338c), and also that the greatest life is that of perfect injustice, to be found in the life of a tyrant. This definition leaves no room for the common good because it creates a life of compet...

DDT and Pesticides Directions

American School of Guatemala Secondary SectionDate: 08/31/2012 APESTrimester 1 Activity # 1- DDT and Pesticides Directions: read carefully each statement and answer it. Watch the following video – DDT and Pesticides, and write a short reflection paragraph about the topic. If you want to see again this video, you can find it on the following direction. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=LQ64sV0nSVU This video shows how DDT was used in the world to help humans. Later on people started to notice that this pesticide was very strong that was able to kill plagues and insects rapidly that they started using DDT even more.Even though it was helpful in some way it was also harmful. It was harmful because it had a chemical that was not bonding and was the one that made the harmful changes like in frogs that had 5 legs and in humans the harm that was caused was that it created cancer and mutations on people like the boy that was born without eyes. DDT may change in a way some peopleâ€⠄¢s life but it really affects humans and their genes. Go to the following address and watch Biocides: Rachel Carson. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=vbtp2B-IFmw. Go to the following address and DDT: Weapon Against Disease – Documentary Film (1945) http://www. outube. com/watch? v=RmeqHs4svbQ and write a short paragraph for the most important aspects covered on the video. In the video above it shows the creation of DDT. This particular product is characterized by a white insecticide and was formulated in many forms, it tells that DDT is taseless and almost odourless. It was first created in 1874 and used with great success during World War II in order to control malaria and thyphus within civilians and U. S troops. DDt was also used in agricultural insecticide and later its production. It shows how people were taking advantage of DDT without knowing the harm it would cause.On the following address http://www. naturalnews. com/DDT. html you would be find some articles about DDT and its relation with human health. Choose two articles, read it write a short paragraph. Study shows DDT to be toxic to nervous systems of babies: This article talks about how Africa used DDT to fight malaria spread by mosquitos. It tells how a link between chemicals and the development delays in infants that were in utero when their mother were exposed. An important fact is that despite that DDT was transferred by breast milk, children who were breast feeding developed more normally even though the mother had high levels of DDT.It proves that it is not clear that DDT has ever killed anyone but they are still investigating DDT ‘s effects on humans. High levels of DDT still present in fish: Waters in the U. S still possess high levels of DDT contamination. This shows that the pesticide is still found with high levels in fish caught near Los Angeles area. It is also told that it’s associated with increase risk of liver cancer, and affect the human reproductive and ne rvous systems, and toxic to many animals, specially aquatic life. All this means that the amount of DDT in fish has not decreased by the last years.It concludes with how many companies have released a large quantity of DDT in water systems. On the following address http://www. epa. gov/aboutepa/history/topics/ddt/01. html you would be find some articles about DDT and its relation with human health. Choose two articles, read it write a short paragraph (Just Read) A sweet relaxing time for you on this weekend, if you like the video games go to the following direction and play it. Write your score. http://www. mofunzone. com/online_games/pest_attack. shtml 7,500 Vocabulary: write the definitions. Bioaccumulation:The accumulation of a substance, such as toxic chemical, in various tissues of a living organism. Takes place within an organism when the rate of intake of a substance is greater than the rate of excretion or metabolic transformation of that substance. Biomagnification: The inc reasing concentration of a substance, such as a toxic chemical, in the tissues of organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain, As a result of biomagnification, organisms at the top of the food chain generally suffer great harm from a persistent toxin or pollutant than those at lower levels Example of the DDT on food chain

Developmentally appropriate and child-centered curricula

Ensuring that curriculum in early childhood education is both developmentally appropriate and child-centered involves educators making decisions about the most relevant content to include in the curriculum based on the needs, interests and capabilities of the learners. Developmental psychologists such as Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget, have done extensive work in describing the cognitive changes that children go through throughout their lifetime. Knowledge of these changes is important in guiding decisions about curricula content, material and activities.Piaget proposed that each child moves progressively through each of four stages of cognitive development as they mature physically. These are the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational periods. At the early childhood level a child is in the sensorimotor and preoperational stages which lasts between ages zero (0) to two (2) years old and two (2) to seven (7) years respectively. Children first â€Å"le arn about their surroundings by using their senses and motor skills†.  (Slavin, 2000, p. 33).Edwards (2005) believes that these stage-based characteristics that Piaget has identified are important starting points for curriculum design as educators need to have a clear understanding of the characteristics of learners before any decision can be made about what curricula content to deliver to them. In designing an early childhood curriculum Jalongo, Fennimore, Pattnaik, Laverick, Brewster, and Mutuku (2004) contend that the child must figure at the center of this process.As a results the developmental needs of the child must be first and foremost in the mind of the educator as decisions are made about curricula content and structure. First and foremost an early childhood curricula must be specific to the early childhood level. Jalongo et al (2004) caution that early childhood programs must be designed specifically for early childhood education â€Å"rather than replicate the c urriculum and pedagogy that characterizes later academic experiences† (p. 145). Consequently tasks should be so designed so that they are manageable based on the cognitive and physical capabilities of the children.Additionally the designers of curricula material need to ensure that such programs and the material that go along with them are innovative. Educators in the field should work collaboratively in deciding on the most appropriate material to include in the curriculum. Moreover when it comes to actual classroom implementation the curriculum should be used as a guide and not as an absolute (Jalongo et al, 2004). This means that teachers should be flexible in implementing aspects of the curriculum based on the unique needs of their particular set of learners.Furthermore curricula should be continuously improved to reflect new knowledge about how children at the early childhood level learn. For each group of students the curriculum should be adopted to better serve their ne eds and challenges. Consideration must be given to the particular ethnic, cultural, and language characteristics of the children concerned and seek to meet them where they are. This means that, rather than trying to force children into a pre-made mold, educators must ensure that the children are the basis used in constructing the mold.Evidently the task of designing developmentally appropriate curriculum, though it is left mainly up to the educator who interacts most intimately with the students, must take into account the specific needs, interests and capabilities of learners. Educators cannot leave the child out of planning the early childhood curriculum. Failure to include the group at which early childhood programs are geared will only result in failure both on the part of the educator and the learner. References Edwards, S. (2005, Mar). Children’s learning and developmental potential: Examining the theoretical informants of early childhood curricula from the educator’s perspective. Early Years, 25(1), 67–80. Jalongo, M. R., Fennimore, B. S., Pattnaik, J., Laverick, D. M., Brewster, J. & Mutuku, M. (2004, Dec). Blended perspectives: A global vision for high-quality early childhood education. Early Childhood Education Journal, 32(3), 143-155. Slavin, R. E. (2000). Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice. (6th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Free Essays on The Sociological Imagination

The sociological imagination is the notion that allows a person to understand the greater picture of oneself and one’s role in society. C. Wright Mills writes, â€Å"The sociological imagination enables its possessor to understand the larger historical scene in terms of its meaning for the inner life and the external career of a variety of individuals.† (Mills 1959, p. 3) In this essay, I will examine my own life from a sociologist perspective. I will look at my position as an individual in society and take a sociological glance at my future based on Mills’ concept of the sociological imagination. In order to effectively due this, I must first give you my class background. From there, I will give an in depth look into the sociological imagination and conclude with a critical analysis of how these both relate to one another. I grew up in a relatively small suburb just outside of Los Angeles in Southern California. The city, Manhattan Beach, is home to just over 30,000 persons with a median household income of about $70,000 dollars. The town is 89% white which, coupled with the relatively high median household income, is indicative of an upper-class neighborhood. Per square foot, it has some of the most expensive housing per square foot in all of California. Being a mere 3.88 square mile beach city and having a $3.8 billion assessed city valuation, the city is densely rich. Manhattan beach is also home to several expensive shopping boutiques and trendy coffee shops that attract a young, professional population. Many predict that Manhattan Beach will soon be the next Hollywood due to the newly constructed movie studios and the extravagant lifestyles of many residents. With its ever-growing upper class population, the city offers numerous opportunities to those who can afford living there. My family clearly represents the quintessential, rich Manhattan Beach household. With a mother, a father, a brother, a sister, a dog... Free Essays on The Sociological Imagination Free Essays on The Sociological Imagination Our textbook states that the sociological imagination is the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society. Michael Moore’s recent documentary, Bowling for Columbine, of which I will make repeated reference to, demonstrates how gun violence affects the U.S. from a sociological perspective. From an individual perspective, any person can get angry at another person, pick up a gun, and go shoot them. So why do so many more carry out the act of shooting others in the U.S. than they do in other countries? The ease with which someone in our country can get a gun, with only a simple background check and a several-day waiting period, is a bit alarming, to say the least. But, as Moore points out, Canada’s gun laws are very similar to ours. A lot of people hunt in Canada, so the number of firearms available in Canada is comparable to the U.S, where hunting is also common. Yet Canadian fatalities due to firearm-related deaths total in the low hundreds, while the U.S. has over 10,000 deaths in one year that are directly related to firearms. In Bowling for Columbine, Moore goes to Canada to investigate. What he finds is surprising. A man or woman can purchase a gun just as easily as in the United States. Moore is even allowed to purchase ammunition at a local depart ment store with his U.S. drivers license. Everyone Moore encounters on the street appears to be friendly and congenial towards him. The real kicker is the responses Moore gets when he asks people if they lock their doors in Canada. From what Moore shows, nobody does! He even goes up to peoples’ doors in the daytime and tests door knobs to demonstrate this. What is the point of all this? The single striking difference that Moore could find between Canada and our country was in its news broadcasts. The nightly news in Canada is more factual in comparison to our six o’clock or eleven o’clock news. Most importantly, Canadia... Free Essays on The Sociological Imagination The sociological imagination is the notion that allows a person to understand the greater picture of oneself and one’s role in society. C. Wright Mills writes, â€Å"The sociological imagination enables its possessor to understand the larger historical scene in terms of its meaning for the inner life and the external career of a variety of individuals.† (Mills 1959, p. 3) In this essay, I will examine my own life from a sociologist perspective. I will look at my position as an individual in society and take a sociological glance at my future based on Mills’ concept of the sociological imagination. In order to effectively due this, I must first give you my class background. From there, I will give an in depth look into the sociological imagination and conclude with a critical analysis of how these both relate to one another. I grew up in a relatively small suburb just outside of Los Angeles in Southern California. The city, Manhattan Beach, is home to just over 30,000 persons with a median household income of about $70,000 dollars. The town is 89% white which, coupled with the relatively high median household income, is indicative of an upper-class neighborhood. Per square foot, it has some of the most expensive housing per square foot in all of California. Being a mere 3.88 square mile beach city and having a $3.8 billion assessed city valuation, the city is densely rich. Manhattan beach is also home to several expensive shopping boutiques and trendy coffee shops that attract a young, professional population. Many predict that Manhattan Beach will soon be the next Hollywood due to the newly constructed movie studios and the extravagant lifestyles of many residents. With its ever-growing upper class population, the city offers numerous opportunities to those who can afford living there. My family clearly represents the quintessential, rich Manhattan Beach household. With a mother, a father, a brother, a sister, a dog...

Degree - Definition and Examples

Degree s In English grammar, degree is one of the three forms used in the comparison of adjectives and adverbs: positive (or base form) (for example, a smart dog)comparative (a smarter dog)superlative (the smartest dog) Almost all one-syllable adjectives, along with some two-syllable adjectives, add -er  to the base to form the comparative, and -est to form the superlative.  In most adjectives of two or more syllables, the comparative and superlative degrees are marked by more and most respectively. Common adjectives with irregular comparative and superlative forms include the following: good, better, bestbad, worse, worstmany, more mostlittle, less, least Etymology From the Latin de-  down   gradus  a step Examples and Observations Every day was a happy day, and every night was peaceful.(E.B. White, Charlottes Web. Harper, 1952)This was a brighter,  happier day. We were all together and we were going to stay that way. (Peter Martin,  A Dog Called Perth. Orion Books, 2001)This is the  happiest day  of my life, because today I have fallen in love.(Philippa Gregory,  The Boleyn Inheritance. Touchstone, 2006)The kids marvel at the rolling brown field, where a handful of sheep graze undisturbed by automobiles or shopping centers- a reminder of what seems a simpler,  more peaceful place  and time. (Jane Futcher,  Marin: The Place, the People. Book Sales, 1983)Im alone in the  most peaceful place  in the world. Well, maybe not the  most peaceful place, as a monastery in the Alps where the monks have all taken a vow of silence and just make cheese all day might be a smidge quieter, but still its very peaceful.(Anne Dayton  and May Vanderbilt, The Book of Jane. Thorndike, 2008)Poverty makes you  sad  as well as  wise. (Bertolt Brecht, The Threepenny Opera, 1928) My father went back to the tailoring business, a  sadder and wiser  man. No, not wiser- just sadder, for his thirteen dollars was gone forever. (Groucho Marx, Groucho and Me, 1959)  For of all  sad  words of tongue and pen,The  saddest  are these: It might have been! (John Greenleaf Whittier, Maud Muller, 1854)Imagination is  more important  than knowledge.(Albert Einstein, The Saturday Evening Post, 1929)It has long been an axiom of mine that the little things are infinitely the most important.†(Arthur Conan Doyle, A Case of Identity) Inflections and Words In some languages, adjectives share the declensions of nouns, inflecting to show gender, number, and case. In English, however, there are only two possible inflections for adjectives, the comparative and the superlative. The adjective comparative and superlative inflections {-er} and {-est} are quite regular, but they can be added only to one- or two-syllable words in English. We have tall, taller, tallest and heavy, heavier, heaviest but not visionary, *visionarier, *visionariest. Adjectives of more than two syllables do not accept inflectional morphemes; for them, entire words, rather than morphological suffixes, are used to indicate the comparative (more visionary) and superlative (most reluctant).Note that the comparative and superlative inflections also appear on a small number of adverbs: He drove longer and faster than anyone else.(Thomas P. Klammer et al., Analyzing English Grammar, 5th ed. Pearson, 2007) Pronunciation: di-GREE

Source evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Source evaluation - Essay Example As seen in this crowdsourcing article, collaboration and online organisation is the main objective of this project. Over and above, the theme of internet collaboration and organisation is vivid in all the chapters in the book. This book source is therefore, reliable and useful to students and researchers (Pallof, & Pratt 43). This is because it highlights the basis of learning community via the internet, innovativeness and critical thinking skills it fosters to the internet users. â€Å"The online environment can be a lonely place. Students and faculty alike report feelings of isolation when working online. The benefits of taking or teaching an online class - being able to connect any time and any place, from one’s bedroom in pajamas and bunny slippers or from a library or computer lab – also can be a detriment of sorts given that, for the most part, the people with whom one is interacting are represented by worlds on a screen.† (Pallof, & Pratt, 32) This is an easy to read book where the author, Pallof, & Pratt have taken their ample time to showcase their vivid thoughts and reflection towards online collaboration. They clearly indicate that collaboration and internet organization is the backbone of the media in the present day. The fact that the book highlights the process of media embracing the digital technology in a means to spread out their audiences is a clear sign of contemporary/modern networking and collaborative development. In reference to Pallof, & Pratt (2005), focus is put on using technical and internet related channels to bring people together for their own success. As seen in the book, the authors Pallof, & Pratt (2005), have managed to fill the gap in the internet world by spreading out to digital channels of communication that targets the old internet users and further brings about new internet users for collaborative purpose: The ways in which

Contemporary Employee Relations - Evaluate the recent Employment Essay

Contemporary Employee Relations - Evaluate the recent Employment Relations experiences within the teaching industry in the UK - Essay Example In other words, employee relation can be defined as the policies that are connected with the management and the guidelines of relationships prevailing within the organisations and the staffs either in groups or individual within the work place (University of Cape Town, 2013). The employee relationship concept within the teaching industry in the UK serves mainly on the basis of dedication and inspiration of all the staff members, safe working environment and effective instrument for communication and participation. In the United Kingdom, it has often been observed that almost all the teaching places have engaged a team or a group of staff who look after the issues relating to employee relationship. ... re required to understand various decisive aspects such as labour laws, knowledge associated with employment law and must possess certain qualities such as communication and arbitration skills among others (Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2005). In this essay, the major focus would be evaluating the current status of employment relations related experiences within the teaching industry of the UK and suggesting certain suitable employment relations initiatives that would meet the concerns of both the employer and employee. An Evaluation of the Current Employee Relationship within Teaching Industry in the UK Up to the year 2010, the status of employment relations in the UK teaching industry was in a complete disaster form, even though the government had laid down various labour laws in the nation. Specially mentioning, the individuals who have been entitled with the rights of applying labour laws did very little to deal with the problems that faced by the employers al ong with the employees of the teaching industry in the UK. But after the year 2010, several measures have been taken by both the concerned and government authorities to develop the employee relationship within the teaching industry in the UK. It has been viewed that the school authorities are taking keen interest in the maintenance of proper employee relationship within the teaching industry. The decline of trade unions in the UK has provided employee relation of the teaching industry with lots of significances. The local state government of the UK has adopted an inductive approach, ensuring that the employee relation of the teaching industries of the nation is typically based on realistic assumptions. The major focus of employee relation within the UK teaching industry lies on direction of

Persussive Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Persussive Speech - Essay Example I will briefly discuss how adoption of technology, especially in the business sector, influences positive changes. One way is that technology has brought about the innovation if machines and equipment that works automatically. Work automation is a process that seeks to reduce the amount of work done by employees and the time used to accomplish a task (Comin & Miesteri, 2010). By implementing the adoption of technology, work becomes achievable in minimal time and with little labor force. However, technology compares not at all to the need for human labor and is therefore, not a replacement to employees. In other words, automation puts fewer burdens on employees by reducing their workload. As a result, workers focus on other projects and achieve better quality output plus doing so in a shorter time. Consequently, introduction of technology in the organization provides easy storage. With the need to document every single process, the amount of paperwork in the company increases by the day. With limited space, storage becomes a burden. Nevertheless, technology provides a solution for virtual storage of documents in secure clouds. This greatly reduces the need for hardcopy paper work thus saving on storage space. Moreover, the need to hire storage space from outside diminishes significantly saving on costs. Technology also spearheads the organization’s target to improve security of information, a vital requirement in any organization’s success. Information stored virtually, allows access only to authorized individuals through password protection. Furthermore, enhancing security within the network by using protocols that encode classified data diminishes security threats especially during transmission of data. Very importantly, virtual storage of data in clouds creates data backup. Therefore, any information lost or unintentionally deleted becomes retrievable via data recovery methods. This in turn, creates credibility for a firm because of proper and

Marco Polo The Travels

Marco Polo The Travels Marco Polo is inarguably the most famous medieval European traveler, despite the heated controversy among modern scholars surrounding his adventurous travels. In The Travels of Marco Polo, Polo has clearly portrayed the character of the 13th century Asian society, which forms the basis of this paper. Various issues have been considered in the paper, such as the government organization and administration by Kublai Khan, the prosperity of the Asian society, their beliefs and last but not least, the values and possessions that people esteemed. At the age of only 17 years old, Marco Polo accompanied his father and uncle in a long and difficult journey from Venice his birth place, to Cathay, China. It was in this journey, started at the end of 1271, that Marco began his account of the escapades during the three and a half long difficult journey, and his account of the Mongols life. Marcos detailed description on the greatest moment when he first met the Great Khan, and the appointment of Marco to high posts in the Khans administration demonstrated Marcos gift in linguistics and languages. His amazement with Chinas vast power, immense wealth, and complex social structure made Marco to travel the more in China, becoming one of the most travelled Westerners on the Silk Road. His journey throughout Asia took 24 years, which made him to reach beyond Mongolia to China (Silkroad 10-14). The following analysis is based upon Polos information, and additional information obtained with reference to his writing. The government of the 13th century Asian Civilization provides an interesting reading, especially from the ruler, Kublai Khan. Kublai Khan was, as Polo describes him, the â€Å"the greater and more powerful than all others†, of the six khans that ruled the Mongol Empire. Being the last khan, a title given to a ruler in the Mongolian languages, Kublai ruled the Mongol Empire from 1260 to 1294, founding the Yuan Dynasty, which lasted until 1368. The Mongols, under the rule of Kublai, implemented divide-and-rule methods in a way that made the Mongols and the Asians to remain separate from Chinese life (Brummett et al 98). By dividing the Chinese population into the Mongols; the northern Chinese and Koreans; the southern Chinese; and the central Asians, it was possible to successfully rule the Mongol minority. While the Mongols and the central Asians enjoyed extensive privileges the southern Chinese were barred from state offices. The government was also reorganized by Kublai, and he established three distinct divisions to supervise the military, to deal with civilian affairs, and the third one to supervise the major officials (EWB 6-10). The prosperity of the Asian society during Marco Polos travels is revealed by many of Polos quotations concerning, for instance, the Greater Hermenia. Polo wrote that the Tartars of the Levant frequented the Armenian country every summer due to the outstanding pasture that was available in plenty for their cattle. The pastures were always abundant for the cattle, and according to Polo, the pastures were in large quantity, never failing the cattle. Also of unique significance is the oil fountain that Polo met on the boundaries towards Georgiana. The plenty oil that sprung from the fountain was in such a large quantity that as Polo put it, â€Å"a hundred shiploads might be taken from it at one time.† Although the oil is was not recommended to be used with food, it was needed for burning and was also used for anointing camels that had the mange. The oil was such a treasure that people came from great distances to obtain it (Armenia ch5). The beliefs of the Asian civilization are of utmost importance when understanding their character. There were various beliefs in the 13th century Asian society, and the existence of the different religious beliefs, for instance, was because of Kublai Khans religious tolerance. Moreover, Kublai supported Confucian rituals and rites at court, and also showed special act of kindness to Buddhism. His tolerance was further demonstrated by his decision not to alienate Daoist interests, as well as protecting Muslims and professing an interest in Christian beliefs (Polo 134). The monastery of St. Barsamo is a very important example in portraying part of the beliefs of the 13th century Asian society. The many monks who came to the monastery involved themselves in knitting girdles, which they placed on the altar of the monastery as the service continued. The monks have been likened to the â€Å"Brethren of the Holy Spirit† Polo, and he writes that they present the girdles to their friends and to other people, since the monks belief was that the girdles could remove bodily pain. Every monk, henceforth, just like the â€Å"Brethren† is religiously fervent to have them. Polos description of how the one-eyed man prayer caused the mountain to move is very significant in understanding the Christians and their behaviors, as they converted the Saracens after the miracle had been performed (Armenia, Ch12) Polos travels reveal various possessions that people esteemed. One of these was the manufactures promoted under the Mongols. The Mongols were good stewards at accumulating wealth, which they did through various ways, such as sacking of cities, promoting trade, and by taxation. A variety of objects were found in the tombs of the influential Mongolians, especially from the 13th and 14th centuries. These included items such as gold cups, leggings, robes. Of these commodities, hundreds of craftsmen were located into northern China, others located in the steppe regions north of the Yellow River. Marco Polo described them as â€Å"they live by commerce and industry†¦just as we have woolen clothes of many different types, so have they of cloth of gold and silk† (Waugh 34). Marco Polos narrative was of tremendous use in understanding the 13th Century Asian civilization. From all the discoveries that he made, and all the documented information regarding the behaviors, culture, and way of life of the Asian community, it was possible for one to not only understand the civilization, but also appreciate the lifestyle. There were numerous adventures in Marco Polos travels, which played an important role in understanding various elements of the character of the civilization. Marcos escapades were written with a simple, yet profound, easy to understand way, and his excellent skill of using an interactive language was very significant in relating with the society. Since most of the information provided in Polos narration was concerning his experiences and the Asians way of life, the narration was a very relevant source in understanding and characterizing the society. Works Cited Armenia. The Travels of Marco Polo 1: Chapter 3. Retrieved on July 29, 2009 from http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=The_Travels_of_Marco_Polo_1:_Chapter _3 Brummett, Palmira Johnson., Edgar, Robert., Hackett, Neil J., Jewsbury, George., Taylor, Alastair M., Bailkey, Nels M., Wallbank, Thomas and Lewis, Clyde. Civilization past present. Longman, 1999. EWB. Kublai Khans administration â€Å"Encyclopedia of World Biographies†. 2007. Retrieved on July 29, 2009 from http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ki-Lo/Kublai-Khan.html Polo, Marco. The Travels of Marco Polo .Cosimo, Inc. 2007. Silkroad. Marco Polo and His Travels. 2000. Retrieved July 29, 2009 from http://www.silk-road.com/artl/marcopolo.shtml.

Creating a Writing Technolgy :: Invention Inventing Writing Essays

Creating a Writing Technolgy This paper is an analysis of the assignment given to "create" a writing technology. The attempt must be made to write a twenty (or fewer) word text using natural materials only, that is, materials that have not been processed, produced, or man-made. The goal is to create a writing technology that uses natural materials, that has permanence, that is legible, and finally, that is creative. I stumbled onto my "paper" when I found large pieces of bark that had fallen off tall trees on campus. The piece I collected was approximately three feet long by one foot wide. The condition of my "paper" was rather poor. The exterior surface was rough and gnarled - impossible to write on - and the interior surface, though while overall it was smooth, was rusty brown with various discolorations and had slight raises and bumps in its surface. The bark was cracked along the length of it in many places and ready to break apart if it were to be dropped. With such a unique surface, I found it interesting that I had taken the quality of good paper for granted. Mark Twain describes his experience of buying a new writing device - a typewriter. Yet he makes no comment on the paper he used (500-3). No doubt the paper he used was of much poorer quality than the paper found today, yet Mark Twain makes no mention of how the typewriter worked on the paper of his day. Perhaps it was a nonissue, that in the same way that I take for granted the good quality of paper today, Mark Twain also took for granted the paper he had available. This experience is consistent with Dennis Baron's view that "we have a way of getting so used to writing technologies that we come to think of them as natural rather than technological" (51). Whether it was paper produced today or in the day of Mark Twain, respectively we were so familiar with the quality of the existing writing mediums that little consideration is given to the materials themselves - as long as they work. Now faced with a project of writing on a piece of bark, my assumptions were suddenly removed and I was able to examine writing as a truly laborious process. In choosing my "ink", I desired a fruit or vegetable that would be easily obtainable, and that would permanently stain the bark.

Design of an Application for the Visualisation of Raw Data

Abstraction Visual image is really of import for acquiring attending and tells the message in an impressive manner. Our application helps to plan the information and visualise it in different charts, even customization is possible. It provides an effectual manner of communicating to the mark audience. Application helps to change over research natural information in ocular signifier for better analysis. Application helps to bring forth attractive ocular and synergistic charts. Large set of informations eg study, research etc or informations saved in any signifier eg excel, cloud platforms etc can be integrated and converted. Even unrecorded informations set integrating is possible. Application provides different types of chart customization features eg belongingss, colour, text, drag & amp ; bead etc. Predefined templets can be managed or used for better apprehension. Our application besides provides different sharing options and coaction. Multiple peoples can join forces and work on the same research. Application can be unrecorded integrated with different societal media, progress sharing through mail, URL is besides provided. Branding option for branding visual image is besides provided. 1. Introduction 1.1 Project Description The Real-time information visual image can supply significant and noticeable return for companies that use these tools efficaciously. Wielding informations in existent clip can be highly advantageous for organisations of all sizes and acrossindustries, as this ability certifies employees with the resources they need to utilize best public presentation in severalscenarios. At the similar clip, organisations can non anticipate to merely roll up the information into vision without the right proficient tools. This will run the demand for ocular informations find engineerings ; alternatively the critical informations are easier to understand. A new Aberdeen bunch study of over 200 concern executives highlighted the impact ofreal-time information visual image toolsinthe workplace. The research found that companies using period of clip solutions are able togather cardinal informations among a finite measure of clip 22 per centum more oftenthan organisations without real-time platforms. In another words, concerns with real-time information visual image technics are more often able to do better determinations alternatively of trusting purelyon inherent aptitude. This creates infinite for clear competitory advantages. In add-on, companies that is besides able to acquire batch of out of their overall concern intelligence ways, to supplying value on the topographic point with the usage of real-time informations visual image solutions. Harmonizing to the Aberdeen Cluster, 71 per centum of houses utilizing real-time or period image platforms even have ad-hoc analytical services that enable assorted groups throughout the work point in their ownership to take full advantage of the information. Real-time informations visual images are besides ready to supply merely distinguishable returns. The study found that approximately 26 per centum of companies utilizing these solutions in topographic point were ready to verify new grapevine histories, whereas 15 per centum were ready to bring forth a batch of gross through optimized tools. Another 10 per centum of companies with real-time information visual image platforms were ready to diminish extra in operation monetary values, which may ease decision-makers, invest in extra significant undertakings without lay waste toing the stone underside line. Experts normally agree that visual image engineerings could besides be really helpful for corporations that are encompassing the big informations phenomenon and made to cover with more and more complex and advanced information sets. Because the power of traveling rapidly and easy is indispensable in this fast traveling competitory corporate universe, executives has to supply their work forces in real-time solutions which will change over natural informations into merely understood penetration every bit early as possible. Even advanced analytics are acquiring to be portion of the equation, organisations that uses these tools in add-on to visual image platforms that makes easy-to-digest dataimagerywill possible themselves to recognize in a better manner to win and acquiring benefits over compete companies missing thesemethods. Datas analysis Data analysisis the procedure of analyzing and summarizingdatawith the purpose to pull out usefulinformationand develop decisions. Data analysis is closely associated with informations processing ; howeverdata processing tends to concentrate on larger informations sets with less emphasis on makinginference, and sometime uses the information that was chiefly collected for a distinguishable intent. Instatistical applications, some people divide informations analysis intodescriptive statistics, exploratory informations analysis, andinferential statistics ( orconfirmatory informations processing ) , wherever the EDA dressed ores on detecting new option within the information, and CDA on corroborating or disproof bing decision. There are two types of Data analysis:Exploratory informations analysis ( EDA ) : It is an attack to analysing information for the purpose of formulatinghypothesesvalue testing, complementing the tools of typicalstatisticsfor proving hypotheses.Qualitative informations analysis ( QDA ) orqualitative researchis that analysis of non-numerical information, for illustration words, images, observations, etc.Aims The aim of our application is Decision shapers at assorted degree has to welcome information visual image package tool, as batch of information is stored and processed, that helps them to see analytical consequences given visually, happening comparative factors over the 1000000s of variables, communicate factors and decision to others, and it besides read the longer term. Because of the method the human encephalon grips information ; the people can easy and rapidly acquire the mean for big informations points when they are displayed utilizing charts and graphs alternatively of maintaining spreadsheets over hemorrhoids or merely reading pages of studies.Judge the information you are trying to see, together with its size and cardinality ( the individualism of informations values in a column ) .Find what you are traveling to visualise and what type of information you are seeking to pass on.Have a ocular that will supply the information in the simplest and better signifier for your audience.Data visual image is a wor k of art, and there will be several graphical techniques which can be used to assist people to acquire the narrative, their informations is stating. FacultiesConnectionApplication provides four different options for uploading user’s dataset.Excel SpreadsheetGoogle SpreadsheetAPIUsers new informations setTool Tool option provides different type of options as charts formats, templets so visual image can be done really fast. Chart options provided are listed below-BarroomStacked BarroomRingingHalf-RingAreaJazz bandLineColumnStacked ColumnPieCharts-Embed Code: user can copy and glue into user’s web site or web log Uniform resource locator: sharing can be done with URL Social media sharing: charts can be shared on the societal media with the aid of different sharing options. SEO: Even the charts can be used for SEO labeling Live: Application helps to print unrecorded chartsCustomized TemplatesTemplates can be organized and used harmonizing to the demand, following customization can be done-breadth and tallnessbackground colourline colourline thicknessfount colourfount sizeGrid line colourss and grid line thicknessData series colourss directionTitle directionFormating ToolItems can be modified by fount, colour, breadth, etc. Branding user’s chart with a logowill addition user’s on-line presence and guarantee that user acquire ascription for user’s informations, particularly when user’s public charts are shared across web sites.Axiscustomization – class axisGrid Lines– grid lines can be customizedChart Area– the boundary line that outlines user’s graphical informationsBackground– back colourData Series– information series can be added or modifiedLegend– is the cardinal box for the step axisData Values– values on the charts Comment Text Formatting– text boxes used for noticing, user can attach remark boxes to want informations series